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In African societies, participation in music may be a voluntary activity or an obligation imposed by one's membership in a social group. Such a social group may be a descent group (a group of people who trace their ancestry back to the same person), or it may be any group based on the broader societal classifications of age, sex, interest or occupation.

In African societies, participation in music may be a voluntary activity or an obligation imposed by one's membership in a social group. Such a social group may be a descent group (a group of people who trace their ancestry back to the same person), or it may be any group based on the broader societal classifications of age, sex, interest or occupation.

There is no theory. You have only to listen. Pleasure is the law. I love music passionately. And because l love it, I try to free it from barren traditions that stifle it. It is a free art gushing forth - an open-air art, boundless as the elements, the wind, the sky, the sea. It must never be shut in and become an academic art.

J. H. Nketia said that playing music in African societies may either be voluntary or an obligation by belonging to a certain group or family. We explored this idea by following fifty groups from the Copperbelt region of Zambia over a five-year period.

J. H. Nketia said that playing music in African societies may either be voluntary or an obligation by belonging to a certain group or family. We explored this idea by following fifty groups from the Copperbelt region of Zambia over a five-year period.

Debussy wanted to free music from older traditions. He saw it as a free art gushing forth - an open-air art, boundless as the elements, the wind, the sky, the sea.